In physics, sputtering is a phenomenon in which microscopic particles of a solid material are ejected from its surface after the material itself has been bombarded by energetic particles of a plasma or gas. [1] It occurs naturally in outer space and can be an unwelcome source of wear in precision co

In the case of multiple charged projectile ions, a special form of electron sputtering can occur, which is called latent sputtering. [11][12] In these cases, when the ions recombine during impact on the solid surface (the formation of hollow atoms), the potential energy stored in the multiply charge

A bolt is a threaded fastener with an external thread that requires a matching prefabricated internal thread, such as a nut. Bolts are closely related to screws.use[edit]Bolts are one of the most versatile and widely used fasteners in a variety of applications. Bolts can be found in nearly every ind

A bead lock or bead lock is a mechanical device that secures the bead of a tire to the wheel of a vehicle. The tire and wheel are designed so that when the tire is inflated, the tire pressure pushes the bead of the tire against the inside of the rim, leaving the tire on the wheel and the two spinnin

Sputtering occurs only when the kinetic energy of the incident particles is much higher than the conventional thermal energy (>> 1 eV). When using direct current (DC sputtering), use a voltage of 3-5 kV. When done using alternating current (RF sputtering), the frequency is around 14 MHz.Sputter clea

In physics, sputtering is a phenomenon in which microscopic particles of a solid material are ejected from its surface after the material itself has been bombarded by energetic particles of a plasma or gas. [1] It occurs naturally in outer space and can be an unwelcome source of wear in precision co

Zirconium alloys are solid solutions of zirconium or other metals and are a common subgroup bearing the trade mark Zircaloy. Zirconium has an extremely low thermal neutron absorption cross section, high hardness, ductility and corrosion resistance. One of the main uses of zirconium alloys is in nucl